Charter  and  By-Laws  of  the 
Franklin  Institute 


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BY-LAWS 


FRANKLIN  INSTITUTE 


STATE  OF  PKXXSYLVAXIA, 


PROMOTION  OF  THE  MECHANIC  ARTS. 


PHiLAHKLPHl  A 

A  X  K  I,  I  N      I  N  ST  I  TV  T  i:  , 


BY-LAWS 


FRANKLIN  INSTITUTE 


STATE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA, 


PROMOTION  OF  THE  MECHANIC  ARTS. 


PHILADELPHIA: 


IURK  &  McFETRIDGE, 

PRINTERS, 

306  and  308  Chestnut  Stree 
Philadelphia. 


AN  ACT 

To  amend  and  alter  the  Act  incorporating  the  Franklin  Institute  of  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania  for  the  promotion  of  the  Mechanic  Arts. 

WHEREAS  :  The  Act  approved  March  Thirtieth, 
one  thousand  eight  hundred  and  twenty-four,  in- 
corporating the  Franklin  Institute  of  the  State  of 
Pennsylvania,  for  the  promotion  of  the  Mechanic 
Arts,  has  been  found  insufficient  and  inconvenient 
for  accomplishing  the  objects  of  said  corporation, 
and  the  said  corporation  has  applied  for  alteration 
and  amendment  thereof. 

SECTION  i.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  Commonwealth  of 
Pennsylvania  in  General  Assembly  met,  and  it  is 
hereby  enacted  by  the  authority  of  the  same,  That 
the  present  members  of  said  corporation,  and  all 
such  persons  as  may  hereafter  become  members 
thereof,  shall  be,  and  are  hereby  created  a  body 
politic  and  corporate  by  the  name  of  the  "  FRANK- 
LIN INSTITUTE  OF  THE  STATE  OF  PENNSYLVANIA  FOR 
THE  PROMOTION  OF  THE  MECHANIC  ARTS,"  and  shall 
have  perpetual  succession,  be  able  to  sue  and  be 
sued,  to  plead  and  be  impleaded,  to  have  and  use 
a  common  seal,  and  the  same  to  break,  alter,  and 
renew  at  pleasure*  and  shall  be  able  to  take,  hold, 
purchase,  and  enjoy  such  real  and  other  estates 


of  any  nature  or  kind  whatsoever  as  they  may 
obtain  by  purchase,  devise,  bequest  or  gift,  and 
the  same  at  their  pleasure  to  sell,  lease,  mortgage, 
pledge,  encumber,  or  dispose  of  as  they  may 
deem  proper  or  convenient  for  promoting  the 
objects  of  the  said  corporation  ;  and  the  said  cor- 
poration shall  have  the  like  power  over  any  real 
or  other  estates  now  owned  or  held  by  them  ; 
Provided,  That  the  clear  yearly  value  of  the  real 
estate  at  any  time  held  by  them  shall  not  exceed 
ten  thousand  dollars. 

SECT.  2.  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  said 
corporation  to  raise  funds  for  the  payment  of  its 
present  indebtedness,  and  for  all  other  purposes 
of  the  said  corporation,  to  create  and  sell  such 
number  of  shares  of  stock,  at  ten  dollars  each,  as 
may  be  deemed  proper  to  represent  the  estates 
of  the  said  corporation,  and  the  certificates  of  such 
stock  shall  be  in  such  form,  be  transferable  in 
such  manner,  subject  to  such  payments,  and 
entitle  the  holder  thereof  to  such  privileges  as 
the  said  corporation  may,  by  its  by-laws  in  refer- 
ence to  such  stock,  grant  and  direct. 

SECT.  3.  The  object  of  the  said  corporation  shall 
be  the  promotion  and  encouragement  of  manu- 
factures and  the  mechanical  and  useful  arts,  by 
the  establishment  of  lectures  on  the  sciences  con- 
nected with  them,  by  the  formation  of  cabinets  of 
models,  minerals,  machines,  materials  and  pro- 
ducts, by  exhibitions  and  premiums,  by  a  library, 


and  by  all  such  measures  as  they  may  judge 
expedient. 

SECT.  4.  The  members  of  the  said  corporation 
shall  consist  of  manufacturers,  mechanics,  artisans, 
and  persons  friendly  to  the  mechanic  arts,  and  of 
such  stockholders  in  said  corporation  as  may,  by 
the  by-laws,  be  entitled  to  the  privileges  of  mem- 
bers ;  and  every  member  shall  pay  such  sum  for 
an  annual  or  life  subscription  as  the  by-laws  of 
said  corporation  may  require  ;  and  honorary  and 
corresponding  members  may  be  elected  at  such 
times,  and  in  such  a  way,  and  with  such  privileges 
as  said  corporation  may  deem  expedient. 

SECT.  5.  The  said  corporation  shall  be  managed 
in  such  way,  and  by  such  number  of  officers,  man- 
agers, and  other  persons  as  the  by-laws  may  pre- 
scribe ;  and  the  powers  and  functions  of  such 
officers,  managers  and  other  persons,  the  rights 
and  duties  of  members,  the  manner  of  their  elec- 
tion, and  the  causes  which  may  justify  their 
expulsion  or  suspension,  and  all  other  concerns 
of  the  said  corporation  shall  be  fixed  and  regu- 
lated by  its  by-laws,  which  by-laws  shall  be  adopted 
by  said  corporation  at  the  first  monthly  meeting 
after  the  acceptance  of  this  amended  Charter, 
and  said  by-laws  shall  be  altered  and  amended 
only  in  the  manner  provided  in  said  by-laws  as 
then  adopted. 

SECT.  6.  So  much  of  the  Act  to  which  this  is  a 
Supplement  as  is  inconsistent  herewith  is  repealed. 


Office   of  the    Secretary   of  the    Commonwealth    of  Pennsylvania,  April 
25th,  1864. 

I  certify  that  the   foregoing   Bill   passed   both 
branches    of  the    Legislature,  and    received   the 
signature  of  the  Governor  on  this  day.     As  wit- 
ness my  hand  the  day  and  year  above  written. 
(Signed)  ELI  SLIFER, 

Secretary  of  the  Common-wealth. 


BY-LAWS. 


ARTICLE  I.— Trustees. 

SECTION  i.  The  Real  and  Personal  Estates  of  the 
Institute,  now  in  its  possession  and  which  may  hereafter 
be  acquired,  shall  be  vested  in  a  Board  of  Trustees  (and 
their  successors)  composed  of  seven  members,  to  be 
chosen  as  hereinafter  prescribed. 

SECT.  2.  The  Board  of  Trustees  shall  at  all  times  keep 
the  property  of  the  Institute  insured  against  loss  by  fire. 
They  shall  collect  and  receive  the  income  from  the  real 
estate,  stocks,  bonds  and  other  investments  of  the  Institute 
constituting  the  Endowment  Fund,  now  owned,  or  which 
may  hereafter  be  acquired  by  gift,  purchase  or  otherwise. 
They  shall  pay  out  of  this  income  all  taxes,  water-rent 
and  other  municipal  charges,  interest  on  bonded  debt, 
insurance  charges  and  repairs  necessary  to  maintain  the 
property  in  good  and  serviceable  condition,  and  shall  pay 
over  to  the  Board  of  Managers,  from  time  to  time,  the 
nett  income  remaining  after  the  above-named  charges 
shall  have  been  paid.  They  shall,  at  the  Annual  Meeting 
of  the  Institute  in  each  year,  present  a  report  of  their 
proceedings,  and  a  detailed  statement  of  their  receipts  and 
expenditures  for  the  year. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  shall  have  authority  to  receive 
gifts  or  bequests  of  money,  bonds,  stocks  or  other 
property,  and  hold  or  disburse  the  same  in  accordance 
with  the  wish  of  the  donors. 


SECT.  3.  The  Board  of  Trustees  shall,  from  time  to 
time,  properly  invest  as  an  Endowment  Fund,  all  moneys 
received  by  them  from  the  Board  of  Managers  and  from 
any  other  source,  and  not  necessary  for  the  current 
expenses  of  the  Institute  hereinbefore  named ;  but  the 
Trustees  shall  not  be  restricted  to  legal  investments. 
They  may  apply  any  surplus  accruing  therefrom  from 
time  to  time,  in  any  manner  conducive  to  the  interests  of 
the  Institute,  or,  at  the  request  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
they  shall  invest  any  part  thereof  not  specially  designated, 
in  permanent  improvements  for  the  benefit  of  the  Institute. 

The  Board  of  Trustees  shall  have  power  to  lease  such 
portions  of  the  buildings  as  may  not  be  required  for  the 
purposes  of  the  Institute",  and  they  shall  have  authority, 
for  the  protection  of  the  property,  to  borrow  money  and 
create  a  lien  upon  the  property  as  security  therefor. 

SECT.  4.  The  Board  of  Trustees  shall  be  elected  as 
follows  : — Three  Trustees  shall  be  nominated  at  a  meeting 
of  the  Stockholders  called  for  that  purpose,  by  public 
notice  in  at  least  three  daily  newspapers  published  in  the 
City  of  Philadelphia,  for  one  month  previous  to  the  day 
of  meeting,  the  purpose  of  such  meeting  being  stated  in 
the  notice.  'They  shall  be  elected  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds 
(^3)  of  the  whole  stock  represented  at  such  meeting. 

Four  Trustees  shall  be  nominated  at  a  stated  meeting 
of  the  Board  of  Managers,  at  least  one  month  prior  to 
the  election.  They  shall  be  elected  by  a  vote  of  two- 
thirds  (^)  of  the  members  present. 

SECT.  5.  In  case  of  a  vacancy  occurring  in  the  Board 
of  Trustees,  it  shall  be  filled  as  follows : — The  Board  of 
Trustees  shall  nominate  to  the  Board  of  Managers  three 
suitable  persons,  and  the  Board  of  Managers  shall  elect 
one  of  the  three,  to  fill  the  vacancy. 


ARTICLE  II.— Stock. 

SECTION  I.  The  Real  and  Personal  Estates  of  the 
Institute  as  held  upon  the  First  Day  of  January,  One 
Thousand  Eight  Hundred  and  eighty-one,  shall  be  valued 
at  One  Hundred  Thousand  Dollars,  and  shall  be  repre- 
sented by  Ten  Thousand  Shares  of  Stock  of  the  par 
value  of  Ten  Dollars  each.  Said  shares  shall  be  divided 
into  two  classes,  viz. : — 

First  Class. — Shares  not  registered  for  use  :  on  which 
no  annual  payment  shall  be  charged  or  collected,  and  the 
holders  thereof  shall  not  have  the  privileges  of  members 
of  the  Institute,  but  may,  if  of  legal  age,  vote  at  any 
annual  election  for  officers,  managers  and  auditors,  upon 
the  payment  of  One  Dollar  upon  each  share  of  stock  on 
which  they  may  desire  to  vote :  Provided,  however,  such 
share  shall  have  been  held  by  the  same  person  at  least 
three  months  before  such  election. 

Shares  of  the  First  Class  may  be  converted  into  shares 
of  the  Second  Class,  at  the  pleasure  of  the  owners  : 
provided  the  transfer  be  approved  by  the  Board  of 
Managers ;  but,  when  once  so  converted,  they  shall 
always  continue  in  the  Second  Class. 

Second  Class. — Shares  registered  for  use :  on  which 
Three  Dollars  per  annum  shall  be  due  and  payable  in 
advance  on  the  first  day  of  October  in  each  year,  except 
as  hereinafter  provided. 

All  subscriptions  to  stock  shall  be  approved  by  the 
Board  of  Managers  before  the  certificate  can  be  issued. 

SECT.  2.  The  holders  of  Second  Class  stock  shall  be 
entitled  to  the  use  of  the  library,  lectures,  and  reading- 
room  :  and,  if  of  legal  age,  to  all  other  privileges  of 
membership  in  the  Institute,  so  long  as  they  make  the 
annual  payment  in  advance:  and  shall,  on  the  payment 


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of  One  Dollar  therefor,  be  entitled  to  a  Certificate ,  of 
Membership. 

SECT.  3.  If  the  annual  dues  for  two  successive  years 
remain  unpaid  at  the  expiration  of  two  and  a-half  years, 
on  any  share  of  stock  of  the  Second  Class,  such  share 
shall  then  become  forfeited  to  the  Institute ;  but  such 
forfeiture  may  be  remitted  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  the 
Board  of  Managers. 

SECT.  4.  Certificates  for  the  First  Class  stcck  may  be 
issued  for. any  number  of  shares  in  a  single  certificate; 
but  every  certificate  for  the  Second  Class  shall  be  for 
one  share  only. 

SECT.  5.  All  certificates  of  stock  shall  be  signed  by  the 
President  and  Secretary ;  shall  be  issued  by  the  Actuary, 
and  shall  be  transferable  only  on  the  books  of  the  Insti- 
tute by  the  owrner,  or  his  legal  representative,  on  the 
surrender  of  the  old  certificate,  and  on  the  payment  of 
the  Stamp  Tax,  and  of  a  fee  of  twenty-five  cents  for  each 
certificate. 

SECT.  6.  No  share  of  stock  in  the  Second  Class  shall 
be  transferred  until  all  arrearages  and  fines  are  paid,  and 
all  books  and  tickets  returned,  and  the  transfer  approved 
by  the  Board  of  Managers. 

SECT.  7.  The  shares  of  stock  obtained  by  the  Institute 
by  legacies,  donations  or  forfeiture,  shall  at  once  be 
cancelled. 

ARTICLE  III.— Members. 

SECTION  I .  The  members  shall  consist  of  manufacturers, 
mechanics,  artisans,  and  persons  friendly  to  the  Mechanic 
Arts,  and  may  be  either  annual  contributors,  life  members, 
holders  of  Second  Class  stock,  honorary  or  corresponding 
members. 


II 

SECT.  2.  The  name,  occupation,  and  place  of  business 
or  residence  of  any  person,  other  than  a  holder  of  Second 
Class  stock,  desirous  of  becoming  a  member,  shall  be 
entered  in  a  book  (kept  for  the  purpose  in  the  Hall  of  the 
Institute,  always  open  for  inspection,)  by  any  member  of 
the  Institute,  who  shall  enter  his  own  name  at  the  same 
time  with  that  of  the  candidate  whom  he  proposes. 
These  names  so  proposed  shall  be  acted  upon  by  the 
Board  of  Managers  from  time  to  time. 

SECT.  3.  No  person  shall  be  entitled  to  the  privileges 
of  membership,  unless  he  be  of  legal  age,  and  shall  have 
paid  his  annual  contributions,  and  shall  have  signed  the 
Charter  and  By-Laws. 

SECT.  4.  Honorary  and  Corresponding  Members  shall 
be  nominated  by  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  shall 
require  for  their  election,  four-fifths  of  the  votes  of  the 
members  present  at  any  meeting  at  which  their  nomi- 
nation may  be  acted  upon. 

SECT.  5.  Members  shall  be  entitled  to  a  Certificate  of 
Membership  on  payment  of  One  Dollar. 

SECT.  6.  Resignations  of  membership  shall  be  made  to 
the  Board  of  Managers  in  writing,  but  shall  not  be 
accepted  until  all  dues,  fines,  and  arrears  of  dues  at  the 
rate  of  fifty  cents  a  month,  subsequent  to  the  first  of 
October  and  up  to  the  date  of  resignation,  shall  have 
been  paid,  and  books  and  tickets  returned. 

SECT.  7.  Members  whose  yearly  dues  are  in  arrears 
for  more  than  three  years,  shall  be  considered  as  having 
resigned,  and  the  Actuary  is  directed  to  strike  their 
names  from  the  list  of  members. 

ARTICLE  IV.— Payments. 

SECTION  I.  Every  member,  other  than  a  holder  of 
Second  Class  stock,  shall  pay  an  annual  contribution  of 


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Five  Dollars ;  but  the  payment  of  Fifty  Dollars  within 
any  one  year,  shall  constitute  a  member  for  life,  with  an 
exemption  from  all  annual  payments. 

SECT.  2.  Stock  of  the  Second  Class  may  be  held  in 
trust  for  persons  not  of  legal  age,  and  shall  be  liable  to 
the  payment  of  only  one-half  the  annual  fees  due  upon 
stock  of  Second  Class  held  by  persons  of  legal  age  ; 
provided,  that  when  such  minors  arrive  at  legal  age,  new 
certificates,  subject  to  the  full  annual  contribution,  shall 
issue  on  payment  of  the  customary  fee. 

SECT.  3.  The  annual  payments  of  fees  for  membership, 
shall  be  due  and  payable  on  the  ist  of  October  in  each 
year,  in  advance;  but  all  members  elected  after  the  3ist 
of  January  in  each  year,  shall  pay,  in  advance,  at  the  rate 
of  fifty  cents  a  month  to  the  ist  of  October  next  ensuing. 

ARTICLE  V.— Officers. 

The  officers  shall  be  a  President,  three  Vice-Presidents, 
a  Secretary,  a  Treasurer,  twenty-four  Managers,  and  three 
Auditors.  Two-thirds  of  the  Managers  shall  be  manu- 
facturers or  mechanics. 

ARTICLE  VI.— Election  of  Officers. 

SECTION  i.  An  election  for  officers  shall  be  held  on 
the  third  Wednesday  in  January  in  each  year.  At  this 
election,  the  President,  the  Secretary,  and  the  Treasurer, 
shall  be  elected  to  serve  one  year,  and  one  Vice-President, 
eight  Managers,  and  one  Auditor  shall  be  elected  to 
serve  for  three  years;  provided,  that  the  officers  now 
elected,  or  who  may  hereafter  be  elected,  shall  continue  to 
serve  until  their  successors  be  elected.  No  person  shall 
be  allowed  to  vote  unless  all  his  arrears  are  paid. 

SECT.  2.  All  elections  for  officers  of  the  Institute 
shall  be  by  ballot,  and  no  vote  shall  be  cast  by  proxy. 


13 

SECT.  3.  The  President  shall,  at  the  stated  meeting  in 
December,  annually,  appoint  seven  members  of  the 
Institute  to  conduct  the  election  for  officers  to  be  held 
on  the  third  Wednesday  in  January,  and  to  act  as  judges 
of  said  election.  They  shall  meet  at  the  Hall  of  the 
Institute  at  four  o'clock,  P.  M.,  on  the  day  of  the  election, 
then  and  there  open  the  polls  for  said  election,  keeping 
the  polls  open  until  eight  o'clock,  p.  M.,  and  making  a 
record  of  the  name  of  each  voter.  On  the  closing  of 
the  polls  they  shall  forthwith  count  the  votes  and  report 
the  result  to  the  President. 

In  case  any  one  or  more  judges  of  said  election  shall 
fail  to  attend,  the  judges  present  on  the  day  of  the  election 
shall  have  power  to  fill  the  vacancies. 

ARTICLE  Mil.— President. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President,  or,  in  his  absence, 
of  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents,  in  order  of  seniority  of 
election,  or,  in  their  absence,  of  a  President  to  be  chosen 
pro  temporc,  to  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  Institute 
and  of  the  Board  of  Managers,  preserve  order  therein, 
put  all  questions,  and  announce  all  decisions. 

ARTICLE  VIII.— Secretary. 

SECTION  I.  The  Secretary  of  the  Institute  shall  be  a 
person  of  scientific  and  literary  attainments,  and  shall 
receive  such  annual  compensation  for  his  services  as  may 
be  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Managers. 

SECT.  2.  His  duties  shall  be  to  receive  members  and 
strangers  visiting  the  Institute ;  to  take  charge  of  the 
Library,  Cabinets,  and  other  property  of  the  Institute 
under  the  direction  of  the  various  Committees  and  Cura- 
tors ;  to  present  and  read  at  each  meeting  of  the  Institute 


a  statement  of  such  scientific  discoveries,  mechanical 
improvements,  or  novelties  in  the  arts'  or  engineering,  as 
he  may  deem  of  interest  to  the  members ;  and  to  perform 
such  other  duties  as  he  may  deem  advisable  to  promote 
the  objects  of  the  Institute,  or  such  as  may,  from  time  to 
time,  be  designated  by  the  Institute.  He  shall  also 
answer  all  letters  addressed  to  the  Institute,  except  those 
relating  to  stock,  finance,  or  of  a  business  character ;  open 
and  maintain  such  correspondence  as  may  promote  its 
interests  ;  'notify  honorary  and  corresponding  members 
of  their  e4ection,  and  Committees  of  the  Institute  of  their 
appointment,  and  acknowledge  all  donations  to  the 
Library  or  Cabinets  in  the  Journal,  and  to  the  donors 
thereof  at  his  discretion.  He  shall  report,  or  cause  to  be 
reported,  the  proceedings  of  the  Institute,  and  shall  deliver 
the  report  thereof,  or  an  abstract  of  it,  to  the  editor  for 
publication. 

SECT.  3.  In  case  of  the  absence  or  sickness  of  the 
Secretary,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  President  to  appoint 
a  person  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  position  pro  teuipore. 

SECT.  4.  A  suitable  person  or  persons  shall  be  appointed 
by  the  Secretary,  with  the  sanction  of  the  Board,  to  act 
as  Janitor  and  Librarian,  who  may  be  dismissed  by  the 
Secretary  for  misconduct. 

ARTICLE  IX.— Treasurer. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Treasurer  to  receive  from 
the  Board  of  Trustees,  all  funds,  which  they  may  pay 
over  to  the  Board  of  Managers  in  accordance  with 
SECTION  2  of  ARTICLE  I.  He  shall  also  receive  all 
moneys  collected  for  the  Institute  by  the  Actuary.  He 
shall  deposit  all  moneys  received  in  the  name  of  the 
corporation,  in  such  institution  as  the  Board  of  Managers 


15 

may  direct.  He  shall  make  no  payments  without  written 
vouchers  from  the  Board  of  Managers.  He  shall  keep 
accurate  accounts  of  the  income  and  disbursements  of 
the  Institute,  exhibit  an  accurate  statement  of  his  receipts 
and  payments  at  each  stated  meeting  of  the  Board  of 
Managers,  and  of  the  condition  of  the  finances  of  the 
Institute  whenever  called  on  by  them,  and  shall  make  an 
annual  statement  thereof  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the 
Institute.  He  shall  give  bonds  for  the  faithful  performance 
of  his'  trust.  In  case  of  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of 
Treasurer,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Board  of  Managers 
to  appoint  a  person  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  position 
pro  temp  ore. 

ARTICLE  X.— Auditors. 

Tfie  Auditors  shall  examine  the  Treasurer's  accounts 
and  compare  them  with  the  orders  of  the  Board  of 
Managers,  and  vouch  for  their  correctness.  They  shall 
also  examine  the  accounts  of  the  Trustees. 


ARTICLE  XI. 
Organization  and  Government  of  Sections. 

SECTION  i.  For  the  promotion  and  encouragement  of 
manufactures  and  the  mechanic  arts,  as  well  as  of  the 
sciences  connected  with  them,  members  of  the  Franklin 
Institute  may  form  Sections  and  hold  meetings  in  the 
Hall,  or  such  other  rooms  as  may  be  provided  for  them 
by  the  Board  of  Managers.  These  Sections  shall  be 
constituted  as  hereinafter  provided,  and  shall  have  prece- 
dence in  the  order  of  their  formation. 

SECT.  2.  Any  number  of  members,  not  less  than  twelve, 
may  constitute  a  Section. 


i6 

SECT.  3.  Members  associating  to  form  a  Section,  shall 
make  written  application  to  the  Board  of  Managers  of 
the  Franklin  Institute,  at  any  of  their  stated  meetings,  in 
the  following  words  : — 

"The  undersigned,  members  of  the  Franklin  Institute, 
request  that  they  may  be  constituted  the  (  ) 

Section  of  the  Franklin  Institute  of  Pennsylvania." 

This  application  shall  be  considered  by  the  Board  of 
Managers,  artd  if  approved  by  them,  the  Section  shall  be 
established,  and  the  names  of  the  petitioners  shall  be 
recorded  on  the  minutes  as  the  founders  of  that  Section, 
and  shall  be  reported  by  the  Board  of  Managers  to  the 
Institute  at  its  next  meeting.  Whenever  the  petitioners 
have  organized,  they  shall  report  such  organization,  with 
the  names  of  their  officers  to  the  Board.  But  if  they 
shall  fail  to  organize  such  Section  within  six  mdhths 
after  the  date  of  said  approval,  all  action  relative  to  said 
Section  shall  be  void.  If  an  established  Section  shall 
fail  to  report  to  the  Institute  at  large  its  proceedings 
during  any  period  of  twelve  months,  it  shall  be  the  duty 
of  the  Resident  Secretary  to  inform  the  Institute  and  the 
Board  of  Managers  that  such  Section  is  extinct. 

SECT.  4.  Sections  established  in  conformity  with  Section 
3  may  increase  their  number  by  election,  and  may  also 
appoint  corresponding  and  honorary  members ;  but  only 
members,  corresponding  members,  and  honorary  members 
of  the  Franklin  Institute  shall  be  eligible  as  members, 
corresponding  or  honorary  members  of  any  of  its  Sections. 

SECT.  5.  Every  .member  of  a  Section  shall  pay  to  its 
Treasurer  an  initiation  fee  and  an  annual  contribution 
such  as  may  be  determined  by  the  Section  in  question, 


NOTE. — The  blank  is  to  be  filled  with  the  name  indicative  of  the  peculiar^ 
scope  of  the  Section. 


provided  that  the  amount  of  either  shall  not  exceed  the 
sum  of  two  dollars  ($2)  in  any  Section. 

SECT.  6.  The  officers  of  each  Section  shall  be :  a 
President,  one  or  more  Vice-Presidents,  a  Recorder,  a 
Treasurer,  a  Corresponding  Secretary;  and  one  or  more 
Conservators,  who  shall  be  elected  by  its  members  at  its 
first  meeting,  and  subsequently  at  the  first  meeting  in 
January  each  year. 

SECT.  7.  Each  Section  shall  make  its  own  By-Laws 
not  inconsistent  with  the  Charter  and  By-Laws  of  the 
Franklin  Institute ;  control  its  own  funds,  and  pay  the 
expenses  peculiar  to  the  Section.  The  Institute  shall 
not  be  responsible  for  debts  contracted  by  any  Section, 
or  by  any  officer  or  member  thereof. 

SECT.  8.  Members,  corresponding  members  and  honor- 
ary members  of  the  Institute  shall  be  entitled  to  attend 
the  meetings  of  any  of  its  Sections,  but  not  take  part  in 
the  discussion  or  business  of  the  Section,  except  under 
such  rules  and  provisions  as  the  Section  may  make. 

SECT.  9.  The  books,  papers,  apparatus,  specimens, 
models,  and  all  other  collections  of  each  Section,  shall 
be  the  property  of  the  Institute,  held  for  the  use  of  that 
Section.  Donations  of  objects  or  books  to  or  for  any 
Section  shall  be  received  and  reported  to  the  Board  of 
Managers  as  donations  to  the  Institute,  for  the  use  of 
that  Section. 

SECT.  10.  At  the  first  meeting  of  each  Section  it  shall 
determine,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers, the  times  of  its  stated  meetings. 

SECT.  ii.  Each  Section  shall  submit  to  the  Institute, 
at  every  stated  meeting,  the  record  of  its  proceedings  for 
the  month,  a  written  summary  thereof  to  be  engrossed 
in  the  Secretary's  Report. 


IS 

SECT.  12.  Papers  read  before  any  Section,  and  approved 
by  the  same,  shall  be  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Pub- 
lications of  the  Institute,  and  if  accepted  by  them,  shall 
be  published  in  the  Journal  of  the  Institute. 

SECT.  13.  Societies  now  existing,  or  hereafter  founded, 
for  the  consideration  of  any  subjects  clearly  within  the 
scope  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  and  which  may  desire  to 
connect  themselves  with  the  Institute  as  Sections,  shall 
furnish  a  list  of  such  of  their  members  as  have  declared 
their  willingness  to  become  members  of  the  Institute,  to 
the  Board  of  Managers,  accompanying  said  list  with  an 
application  in  the  following  form  : — 

"  We,  the  undersigned,  members  of  the desire 

to  be  constituted  a  Section  of  the  Franklin 

Institute." 

SECT.  14.  On  all  points  not  provided  for  in'  the  above 
Sections,  each  Section  shall  be  governed  by  the  Charter, 
By- Laws  and  usages  of  the  Institute. 

ARTICLE  XII.— Of  Committees. 
SECTION  i.  There  shall  be  the  following  Standing 
Committees,  each  to  consist  of  ten  members,  to  be 
appointed  by  the  President,  at  the  first  meeting  after  the 
annual  election,  who  may  be  aided  in  his  choice  by 
nominations  made  at  the  annual  meeting.  All  members 
notified  of  their  appointment  to  any  committees,  if  they 
do  not  decline  before  the  next  stated  meeting,  shall  be 
considered  members  thereof: — 

1.  On  the  Library. 

2.  On  the  Cabinet  of  Models. 

3.  On  the  Cabinet  of  Minerals  and  Geological  Specimens. 

4.  On  the  Cabinet  of  Arts  and  Manufactures. 

5.  On  Meteorology. 

6.  On  Meetings. 


'9 

SECT.  2.  There  shall  be  a  Committee  on  Science  and 
the  Arts,  which  shall  consist  of  forty-five  (45)  members 
of  the  Institute,  to  be  elected  as  hereinafter  prescribed, 
who  shall  pledge  themselves  by  their  acceptance  of 
membership,  to  perform  such  duties  as  may  devolve  upon 
them  and  to  sustain  by  their  labors  the  scientific  character 
of  the  Institute. 

The  Committee  shall,  within  one  month  after  the 
annual  election  of  the  Institute  in  each  year,  hold  a 
meeting,  at  which  they  shall  elect  a  Chairman.  They 
may  adopt  rules  for  their  government  not  inconsistent 
with  the  Charter  and  By- Laws  of  the  Institute. 

Special  Committees  to  examine  any  subject  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  Chairman,  and  shall  make  their  reports 
in  writing  signed  by  the  members  thereof.  A  quorum 
for  final  action  upon  a  report  shall  consist  of  not  less 
than  fifteen  (15)  members,  and  when  such  report  is 
adopted,  it  shall  be  accepted  as  the  decision  of  the 
Institute. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee 
to  submit  at  the  stated  meetings  of  the  Institute,  such 
action  of  the  Committee,  as  he  may  deem  of  interest  to 
the  Institute. 

Applications  for  the  examination  of  any  subject,  shall 
be  made  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  either  by  the 
Institute,  or  by  the  Secretary,  who  shall  receive  such 
applications  from  inventors  and  others. 

The  members  of  the  Committee  shall  be  nominated  at 
the  stated  meeting  of  the  Institute  in  December,  and  shall 
be  elected  for  three  (3)  years  at  the  annual  election — 
each  year  fifteen  (15) — except  that  at  the  annual  election 
in  1887,  there  shall  be  elected  forty-five  (45),  who  shall 
draw  lots  for  terms  of  one  (i),  two  (2)  and  three  (3)  years 
respectively. 


20 

The  Committee  shall  report  all  vacancies  occurring  in 
their  body,  whether  by  neglect  of  duty  or  otherwise,  to 
the  stated  meeting  of  the  Institute  next  ensuing,  at  which 
such  vacancies  shall  be  filled. 

The  meetings  of  the  Committee  shall  be  open  to  all 
members  of  the  Institute. 

SECT.  3.  Each  of  the  committees  named  in  the  first 
section,  shall  choose,  at  their  first  meeting  after  their 
appointment,  a  Chairman. 

The  Committee  on  the  Library,  on  Meetings,  and  on 
Science  and  Arts,  shall  meet  at  least  once  in  each  month, 
except  in  July  and  August;  the  other  committees  at  the 
call  qf  their  Chairman. 

Records  of  their  proceedings  shall  be  kept  by  the 
Actuary. 

They  shall  report  to  the  Institute,  and  shall  be  governed 
by  such  rules,  not  inconsistent  with  these  By-Laws,  as 
may  be  adopted  by  them  respectively.  All  special 
committees  must  report  to  the  Institute  in  writing,  at  the 
next  stated  meeting  succeeding  their  appointment,  other- 
wise they  may  be  considered  discharged. 

SECT.  4.  No  bills  for  expenses  incurred  by  committees 
shall  be  paid,  unless  certified  to  by  such  committee  at  a 
regular  meeting,  examined  by  the  Auditors,  and  authorized 
by  the  Board  of  Managers. 

ARTICLE  XIII.— Meetings. 

SECTION  I.  The  Institute  shall  hold  stated  meetings  on 
the  third  Wednesday  of  each  month,  excepting  in  July 
and  August.  That  on  the  third  Wednesday  in  January 
of  each  year  shall  be  styled  the  annual  meeting. 

SECT.  2.  Special  meetings  shall  be  called  by  order  of 
the  President,  upon  request  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 


21 

or   the  written    application   of  twelve    members  of  the 
Institute.     Fifteen  members  shall  constitute  a  quorum. 

ARTICLE  XIV.— Order  of  Business. 

SECTION  I.  The  stated  meetings  of  the  Institute  shall 
be  held  at  the  hour  of  8  o'clock,  p.  M. 
SECT.  2.  The  Order  shall  be  as  follows : 

1.  Reading  of  the  Minutes. 

2.  Reports  from  the  Board  of  Managers. 

3.  Reports  from  Standing  Committees,  &c. 

(1)  On  the  Library. 

(2)  On  the  Cabinet  of  Minerals,  &c. 

(3)  On  the  Cabinet  of  Models. 

(4)  On  the  Cabinet  of  Arts  and  Manufactures. 

(5)  On  Meteorology. 

(6)  On  Meetings. 

(7)  On  Science  and  the  Arts. 

(8)  The  Curators. 

4.  Reports  from  Special  Committees. 

5.  The  paper  announced  for  the  evening. 

6.  The  Secretary's  Report. 

7.  Deferred  Business. 

8.  Consideration  of  New  Business. 

SECT.  3.  At  the  annual  meetings  the  reception  of  the 
report  of  the  judges  of  the  election  shall  always  be  in 
order. 

SECT.  4.  The  order  of  business  may  be  altered  for 
any  meeting,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  members 
present  thereat. 

ARTICLE  XV.— Rules. 

The  Institute,  at  its  meetings,  shall  be  governed  by  the 
following  rules  : — 


22 

First. — All  resolutions  must  be  presented  in  writing, 
signed  by  the  mover,  and  must  be  seconded  and  announced 
by  the  Chair  before  consideration. 

Second.  —  Any  member  rising  to  speak,  shall  be 
announced  by  the  Chair  before  proceeding. 

Third. — The  name  of  the  mover  of  any  resolution 
announced  by  the  Chair  shall  be  entered  in  the  minutes. 

Fourth. — No  member  shall  be  allowed  to  speak  more 
than  twice  on  any  resolution,  unless  by  special  permission 
granted  by  the  meeting,  except  he  be  the  mover  thereof, 
or  the  chairman  of  the  committee  reporting  it,  who  shall 
have  the  privilege  of  closing  the  debate. 

Fifth. — The  yeas  and  nays  shall  be  called  at  the  request 
of  five  members.  Each  member  attending  any  meeting 
of  the  Institute  shall,  as  he  enters  the  Hall,  report  his 
name  to  the  Janitor,  to  be  recorded  in  a  book  to  be  kept 
for  the  purpose. 

Sixth. — The  Chair  shall  decide  whether  any  resolution 
does  or  does  not  pertain  to  the  objects  of  the  Institute ; 
and,  in  the  latter  case,  shall  decide  it  out  of  order. 

Seventh. — Nominations  for  officers  to  be  elected  at  the 
annual  meeting  shall  be  made  at  the  stated  meeting  in 
December,  and  the  names  of  nominees  not  declining 
shall  be  published,  by  posting  in  the  Hall,  thereafter 
until  the  election. 

Eighth. — The  first  four  rules  hereinbefore  stated,  or 
either  of  them,  may,  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the 
members  present  at  any  meeting,  be  suspended  for  that 
meeting. 

ARTICLE  XVI.—JSoant  of  Managers. 

SECTION  I.  All  the  officers  of  the  Institute,  except  the 
Auditors  and  Trustees,  shall  be,  ex-officio,  members  of  the 


23 

Board  of  Managers,  which  shall  have  entire  control  of  the 
current  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  Institute  from 
annual  dues,  lectures,  schools,  publications  and  exhibitions, 
and  of  the  income  received  from  time  to  time  from  the 
Board  of  Trustees.  To  the  Board  of  Managers  shall  be 
confided  all  the  business  affairs  of  the  Institute,  not 
specially  reserved  to  the  Board  of  Trustees.  The  Board 
of  Managers  shall  have  authority  to  devise  and  execute 
all  measures,  not  incompatible  with  the  rights  and  duties 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees,  which  may  in  their  judgment 
advance  the  interests  of  the  Institute. 

They  shall  have  authority,  by  exchange,  sale  or  other- 
wise, to  add  to  or  subtract  from  the  collections  of  books, 
furniture  and  apparatus,  in  such  manner,  however,  that 
the  aggregate  value  of  the  same  to  the  Institution  at  anyx 
time,  may  not  be  impaired. 

They  shall  have  authority  to  elect  Members  of  the 
Institute,  except  Honorary  and  Corresponding  Members, 
who  shall  be  elected  by  the  Institute. 

SECT.  2.  The  Board  of  Managers  shall  keep  regular 
minutes  of  their  proceedings,  which  shall  be  open  at  all 
times  to  the  inspection  of  members  of  the  Institute. 

SECT.  3.  The  Board  of  Managers  from  time  to  time, 
shall  pay  over  to  the  Board  of  Trustees,  such  surplus 
funds  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer  as  may  not  be  needed 
for  the  current  expenses  of  the  Institute.  They  shall,  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  Institute,  present  a  report  of 
their  proceedings  and  of  the  condition  of  the  affairs  of  the 
Institute. 

SECT.  4.  They  shall  hold  stated  meetings  once  in  each 
month.  They  shall  select  their  own  officers,  except  the 
chairman,  who  shall  be  the  President  of  the  Institute,  and 
shall  be  at  liberty  to  make  by-laws  for  their  own  regulation, 


24 

not  inconsistent  with  the  Charter,  of  with  the  By-Laws 
of  the  Institute.  Seven  of  their  members  shall  constitute 
a  quorum. 

SECT.  5.  All  vacancies  in  the  Board  of  Managers  shall 
be  filled  at  the  next  stated  meeting  of  the  Institute. 


ARTICLE   XVII.— Amendments. 

Amendments  to  these  By-Laws  to  be  proposed  at  any 
stated  meeting,  shall  be  posted  upon  the  notice-board  by 
the  first  of  the  month.  Such  proposition,  when  presented 
to  the  meeting,  may  be  considered,  amended,  referred, 
postponed,  or  rejected,  or  ordered  to  be  published  weekly 
in  two  or  more  daily  papers  published  in  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  by  a  majority  vote. 

At  a  subsequent  stated  meeting,  after  such  publication, 
the  amendment  may  be  adopted  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds 
of  the  members  present,  except  in  the  case  of  Article  II, 
relating  to  capital  stock,  which  cannot  be  altered  unless 
by  a  vote  of  a  majority  of  the  stock  represented. 


BY-LAWS 


BOARD    OK    MANAQERS. 


SECTION  I.  Officers. — The  President  of  the  Institute, 
or,  in  his  absence,  the  Vice-President,  in  order  of  seniority 
of  election,  or,  in  the  absence  of  both,  a  member  elected 
pro  temporc,  shall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  Board. 
Records  of  its  proceedings  shall  be  kept  by  the  Actuary. 

SECT.  2.  Meetings. — The  Board  shall  hold  a  meeting 
for  the  purpose  of  organizing,  appointing  an  Actuary, 
Standing  Committees,  &c.,  on  the  fourth  Wednesday  in 
January,  and  regular  meetings  on  the  second  Wednesday 
of  each  month,  at  eight  o'clock,  p.  M. 

SECT.  3.  Special  meetings  may  be  called  by  the  President, 
whenever  he  shall  deem  the  same  necessary.  In  case  of 
his  absence  or  refusal  to  call  a  special  meeting  on  the 
written  request  of  five  members  of  the  Board  of  Managers, 
such  special  meeting  shall  be  called  by  the  Actuary. 

SECT.  4.  Actuary. — An  Actuary  shall  be  appointed  by 
the  Board  at  their  first  meeting  after  the  annual  election, 
lie  shall  keep  a  correct  record  of  their  proceedings; 
keep  a  roll  of  the  members,  and  note  their  attendance 
thereon  ;  give  notice  of  all  meetings  of  the  Board,  and  of 
committees,  by  circulars,  delivered  at  least  two  days  prior 


to  the  day  of  meeting ;  act  as  Secretary  of  all  Standing 
Committees  of  the  Board ;  notify  all  committees  of  the 
Board  of  their  appointment,  and  transmit  to  the  Chairman 
of  each,  all  papers  or  documents  relating  to  the  subject 
to  be  considered  or  acted  upon.  He  shall  collect  and 
receive  all  moneys  due  to  the  Institute,  and  hand  them 
over  to  the  Treasurer;  shall  act  as  agent  of  the  Journal 
of  the  Institute,  and  shall  transact  such  other  business  of 
the  Institute  as  the  Board  shall  direct.  In  all  matters  he 
shall  be  subject  to  the  direction  and  control  of  the  Board, 
and  he  shall  be  entitled  to  receive  such  yearly  compen- 
sation as  they  may  determine. 

SECT.  5.  Resignations. — All  resignations  of  membership 
of  the  Board,  after  acceptance  thereof,  shall  be  reported 
to  the  Institute  at  its  next  stated  meeting. 

Members  who  have  not  attended  six  regular  meetings 
prior  to  the  stated  meetings  of  the  Institute  in  December, 
shall  be  reported  thereat  as  having  resigned,  unless  it  be 
unanimously  voted  by  the  Board,  at  its  stated  meeting  in 
December,  that  such  member  has  been  absent  for 
sufficient  reasons. 

SECT.  6.  Standing  Committees. — The  following  Standing 
Committees,  consisting  of  five  members  each,  shall  be 
appointed  by  the  President  and  approved  by  the  Board  : — 

i.  On  Instruction.  2.  On  Election  and  Resignation 
of  Members.  3.  On  Stocks  and  Finance.  4.  On  Publi- 
cations. 5.  On  Exhibitions.  6.  On  Sectional  Arrange- 
ments. 

It  shall  be  the  duty  of  these  committees  to  keep 
regular  minutes  of  their  proceedings,  and  report  them 
monthly  to  the  Board,  and  to  report  to  the  stated  meeting 
of  the  Board  in  December  an  estimate  of  moneys  they 
require  for  the  service  of  the  ensuing  year. 


27 

SECT.  7.  Curators. — Two  members  of  the  Board  shall 
be  selected  at  their  first  meeting  after  the  annual  election, 
to  serve  as  curators  for  the  ensuing  year.  They  shall 
have  charge  of  all  the  property  of  the  Institute,  except 
such  records,  papers  and  books,  as  may  be  assigned  to 
the  officers.  They  shall  keep  regular  minutes  of  their 
proceedings,  and  report  the  same  to  the  Board  at  its 
regular  meetings. 

SECT.  8.  Professorships. — There  shall  be  Professors  of 
Chemistry,  Natural  Philosophy,  Mechanics,  and  other 
departments,  as  the  Board  of  Managers  may  direct,  to 
be  elected  by  the  Board,  and  to  receive  such  compensation 
as  the  Board  may,  from  time  to  time,  determine.  The 
professors  shall  be,  ex-officio,  members  of  the  Committee 
on  Instruction,  in  addition  to  the  five  members  named  in 
Section  6. 

SECT.  9.  Order  of  Business. — The  order  at  the  stated 
meetings  shall  be  as  follows  : — 

1.  Calling  the  roll. 

2.  Reading  the  minutes  and  action  thereon. 

3.  Report  from  the   Treasurer,  and  action  on  bills. 

4.  Reports    from    Standing    Committees   and   action 
thereon. 

(<?.)  On  Instruction. 

(^.)  On  Election  and  Resignation  of  Members. 

(r.)   On  Stocks  and  Finance. 

(d.)  On  Publications. 

(r.)    On  Exhibitions. 

(/.)  On  Sectional  Arrangements. 

5.  Reports    from    Special    Committees    and    action 
thereon. 

6.  Reading  correspondence. 

7.  Donations. 


8.  Deferred  business. 

9.  New  business. 

10.  Excuses  for  non-attendance  and  action  thereon. 

1 1.  Calling  the  roll. 

SECT.  10.  Amendments. — These  By-Laws  may  be  altered 
at  any  stated  meeting  of  the  Board  ;  provided,  the  altera- 
tion be  approved  by  two-thirds  of  the  members  present. 


FRANKLIN  INSTITUTE. 


TERMS  AND  PRIVILEGES  OF  MEMBERSHIP, 


Each   Member  and  Adult  Holder  of  Second  Class   Stock, 

when  not  in  arrears  for  Dues,  is  entitled  to  attend  the  meetings 
of  the  Institute,  to  the  use  of  the  Library  and  Reading-Room, 
and  to  tickets  to  the  Lectures  for  himself  and  a  lady. 

Contributing  Members  pay  Five  Dollars  each  year.  The  pay- 
ment of  Fifty  Dollars  in  any  one  year  secures  Life  Member- 
ship, without  annual  due/.- 

Shares  of  Stock,  Ten  noll.v- 

Second  Class  Stock  has  an  annual  tax  of  Three  Dollars  per 
share,  entitling  the  holder  of  one  share  to  the  privileges  of 
Membership. 

Minor  Children,  Wards  and  Apprentices  of  members  not  in 
arrears,  by  payment  of  Two  Dollars,  have  use  of  Library 
and  Reading-Room,  and  admission  to  Lectures,  or  admission 
to  Lectures  alone  for  One  Dollar. 

Minors,  holding  a  share  of  Second  Class  Stock,  bj 
Dollar  and  Fifty  Cents  per  year,  have  use  of' 
Reading-Room,  and  admission  to  Lectures. 

The  Journal  of  the  Franklin  Institute,  Publisl 

subscription  Five  Dollars  per  year,  in  advance.  "%Iembers 
and  Stockholders,  not  in  arrears,  can  have  one  copylat  Three 
Dollars,  in  advance. 


A     000  589  987     7 


University  of  California 

N  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


SOUTHERN 

405  Hilgard  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  CA  90024-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  library 

from  which  it  was  borrowed. 


